Indonesia low performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) raises serious questions about the effectiveness of the national education performance accountability system. This article analyzes the relationship between PISA outcomes and the crisis of educational accountability by using the UNESCO accountability framework as an analytical lens. A conceptual-analytical approach is employed to examine how monitoring systems, evaluation practices, data transparency, and continuous improvement mechanisms have not yet functioned optimally in Indonesia. The findings reveal policy fragmentation, weak data utilization, and a gap between national assessments and international competency standards. The UNESCO framework offers a holistic approach grounded in quality, equity, and collaboration that can strengthen education governance. This article recommends aligning national assessments with PISA competencies, strengthening data-driven accountability, improving the quality of teachers’ pedagogy, and ensuring long-term policy consistency as strategies to enhance Indonesia’s educational competitiveness.

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Journal of Education and Teaching Learning
Vol.4 No.1 July (2026)

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References 4

Fauzi, A. E. [2023]. Efektivitas Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Dasar Di SDN 1 Kurungrejo Dan Mi Al Azhar Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk [Doctoral dissertation, Institut PTIQ Jakarta].
Fitriyanti, V., Zulaikha, S. R., dan Afrina, C. [2026]. Validitas Indeks Kebijakan pada Survei IPLM: Kajian Terhadap Dinamika Data Kota Yogyakarta 2024-2025. Jurnal Pustaka Budaya, 13[1], 42-57.
Hewi, L., dan Shaleh, M. [2020]. Refleksi hasil PISA [the programme for international student assesment]: Upaya perbaikan bertumpu pada pendidikan anak usia dini. Jurnal Golden Age, 4[01], 30-41.
Ishikawa, K. [1982]. Guide to quality control.

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Rahmadani Fitri, Rabukit Damanik, Berliani Ritonga, Zainuddin, & Rahmat Hidayat (2026). The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness. Journal of Education and Teaching Learning, 4(1), 1167–1170. https://doi.org/10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293

Rahmadani Fitri, Rabukit Damanik, Berliani Ritonga, Zainuddin, and Rahmat Hidayat, “The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness,” Journal of Education and Teaching Learning, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1167–1170, 2026, doi: 10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293.

Rahmadani Fitri, et al. “The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness.” Journal of Education and Teaching Learning, vol. 4, no. 1, 2026, pp. 1167–1170. https://doi.org/10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293.

Rahmadani Fitri, Rabukit Damanik, Berliani Ritonga, Zainuddin, and Rahmat Hidayat. 2026. “The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness.” Journal of Education and Teaching Learning 4 (1): 1167–1170. https://doi.org/10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293.

Rahmadani Fitri, Rabukit Damanik, Berliani Ritonga, Zainuddin and Rahmat Hidayat (2026) ‘The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness’, Journal of Education and Teaching Learning, 4(1), pp. 1167–1170. doi: 10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293.

Rahmadani Fitri, Rabukit Damanik, Berliani Ritonga, Zainuddin, Rahmat Hidayat. The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness. Journal of Education and Teaching Learning. 2026;4(1):1167–1170. doi:10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293

@article{rahmadanifitri2026,
  author = {Rahmadani Fitri and Rabukit Damanik and Berliani Ritonga and Zainuddin and Rahmat Hidayat},
  title = {The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness},
  journal = {Journal of Education and Teaching Learning},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1167--1170},
  doi = {10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293},
  issn = {2986-3015},
  publisher = {PT Media Jurnal dan Pendidikan}
}

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AU  - Zainuddin
AU  - Rahmat Hidayat
TI  - The Crisis of Accountability in Indonesia Education Performance Amid Low PISA Results: An Analysis of UNESCO Framework to Enhance National Competitiveness
JO  - Journal of Education and Teaching Learning
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DO  - 10.59211/mjpjetl.v4i1.293
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